PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of North America			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of Australia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Chibanian											Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian											Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian											Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian											Nukumaruan	MN 17				1.8
		Gelasian											Mangapanian	MN 17				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian	MN 16				2.58
													Waipipian	MN 16				3
														MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean																3.6
													Opoitian					3.7
														MN 14				4.2
														MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian											Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian												MN 12				7.246
														MN 11				7.75
														MN 10				8.7
														MN 9				9.7
												Southland	Waiauan	MN 9				11.04
														MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											MN 7 + 8				11.63
														MN 6				12.8 *
													Lillburnian	MN 6				13.05
		Langhian											Lillburnian	MN 5				13.82
													Clifdenian					15.1
												Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian												MN 4				15.98
														MN 3				16.9
													Otaian	MN 3				18.7
														MN 2				20
		Aquitanian																20.44
												Landon	Waitakian					21.7
														MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
													Duntroonian					25.2
													Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian													MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
												Arnold	Runangan					34.6
													Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian											Kaiatan		MP 16			37.71
		Bartonian											Bortonian		MP 16			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Bortonian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
													Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian											Heretaungan		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
													Mangaorapan					48.9
													Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Teurian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
													Mangaotanean					90.5
													Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	93.9									Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Oteke		Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Oteke		Puaroan		149.2
				Kawhia		Ohauan		150
						Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi		Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour		Otapirian		201.4
		Norian				Warepan		208.5
						Otamitan		217
						Oretian		221
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Oretian		227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore		Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian				Etalian		238
		Anisian				Etalian		242
		Anisian				Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian		249
		Induan				Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville		Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Makarewan		Meishanian	251.902
						Waiitian		Meishanian	253.2
								Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian	254.14
						Puruhauan		Laoshanian	254.2
						Puruhauan		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima		Flettian		Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian		Kuhfengian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian			266
		Roadian	Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian			283.5
						Telfordian			285
						Telfordian		Longlinian	285.4 *
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Cayugan				419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton			440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian									Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
											Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Hunneberg			477.7
											Varangu			481.3 *
											Pakerort			482.2 *
														Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Datsonian	485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian														Iverian	489.5
												Aksaian					490.7 *
												Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian														Idamean	494
		Paibian													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Idamean	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian										Mindyallan	497
				Ayusokkanian										Boomerangian	499
				Mayan/Menevian										Boomerangian	499.5
		Drumian												Undillan	500.5
		Drumian						Floran						503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan				Templetonian						504.5
		Wuliuan						Ordian						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
				Toyonian		Lenian †								510 *
				Toyonian										510.8 *
				Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian										514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian										521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †								529
																		538.8