PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of North America			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Tarantian		0.0117
		Chibanian											Ionian		0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian					Ionian		0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan						MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian						MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian						MN 16	2.58
								Waipipian						MN 16	3
														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean													3.6
								Opoitian							3.7
														MN 14	4.2
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
														MN 10	8.7
														MN 9	9.7
							Southland	Waiauan						MN 9	11.04
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											MN 7 + 8	11.63
														MN 6	12.8 *
								Lillburnian						MN 6	13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian						MN 5	13.82
								Clifdenian							15.1
							Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian												MN 4	15.98
														MN 3	16.9
								Otaian						MN 3	18.7
														MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													20.44
							Landon	Waitakian							21.7
														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												23.03
								Duntroonian							25.2
								Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												33.9
							Arnold	Runangan							34.6
								Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Bortonian							41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
								Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan							47.8
								Mangaorapan							48.9
								Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Teurian							56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
								Mangaotanean							90.5
								Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	93.9				Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan	150
							Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian					Warepan	208.5
							Otamitan	217
							Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian					Etalian	238
		Anisian					Etalian	242
		Anisian					Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian	249
		Induan					Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan				Kathwai	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Kathwai			251.902
									252.4 *
						Chhidru			252.9 *
								Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian	254.14
								Puruhauan	254.2
						Kalabagh			255 *
						Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian							264.28
									265.3 *
								Barettian	266
						Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Amb			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian						Mangapirian	283.5
								Telfordian	285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5						303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		West Fallsian/Sonyean				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Southwoodian				Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Cayugan					419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran					422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan					Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5									445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3									509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
															538.8