PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4			Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3			Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2			Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Senonian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					Gallic				100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6									145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5									149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3									174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4									201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4									208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						Dorashamian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian			259.51
		Wordian							Midian			264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3						Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						Kubergandian			273.01
		Kungurian							Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian							Bolorian			283.5
		Artinskian							Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian			Wych		Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				Yiyangian	470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Xinchangian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Xinchangian	Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							Branchian	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2							Branchian	514
		Stage 3								Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
												538.8