PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Cambrian of North America		Silurian of North America			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Britain	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian										Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian										Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan				MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian				MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian			Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
												Waipipian			Villanyian		3
															Ruscinian		3.1 *
																MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean															3.6
												Opoitian					3.7
																MN 14	4.2
																MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean			Turolian		5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian														MN 12	7.246
																MN 11	7.75
															Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
																MN 9	9.7
											Southland	Waiauan				MN 9	11.04
																MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												Astaracian	MN 7 + 8	11.63
																MN 6	12.8 *
												Lillburnian				MN 6	13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian				MN 5	13.82
												Clifdenian					15.1
											Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian													Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
																MN 3	16.9
												Otaian				MN 3	18.7
															Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian															20.44
											Landon	Waitakian					21.7
																MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4														23.03
												Duntroonian					25.2
												Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3														33.9
											Arnold	Runangan					34.6
												Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian										Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2									Bortonian					41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
												Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian										Heretaungan					47.8
												Mangaorapan					48.9
												Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1									Teurian					56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
												Mangaotanean					90.5
				Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	Arowhanan	93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Cayugan	419.2
								Bringewood/Elton	Cayugan	421.3
								Bringewood/Elton	Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas		Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope		Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian									436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
									Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Merioneth							Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
												Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Sunwaptan	487.5
												Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												489.5
													Steptoean	493 *
												Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian										Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †							St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Topazan										504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran										506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Waucoban †							Caerfai		509
		Stage 4		Dyeran										511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Dyeran										514
				Montezuman										514.8 *
				Begadean										519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
																	538.8