PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian Ages of Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian Epochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Lujanian		Tarantian	0.0117
		Chibanian								Lujanian		Ionian	0.129
										Ensenadan			0.3 *
						Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian							0.774
						Nukumaruan							1.63
										Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian											1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Vorohuean			2.58
										Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
						Waipipian							3
		Zanclean				Waipipian							3.6
						Opoitian				Montehermosan			3.7 *
						Opoitian				Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian											7.246
										Chasicoan			7.9 *
										Mayoan			9.9 *
										Laventan			10.9 *
					Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Waiauan							11.63
						Lillburnian							13.05
										Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian											13.82
						Clifdenian							15.1
						Clifdenian				Friasian			15.4 *
					Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
										Santacrucian			16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
						Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian											20.44
										Deseadan			20.9 *
					Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian							23.03
						Duntroonian							25.2
						Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian								Tinguirirican			28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										33.9
					Arnold	Runangan							34.6
						Runangan				Divisaderan			35.9 *
						Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
										Mustersan			41.9 *
					Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
						Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian											47.8
										Casamayoran			47.9 *
						Mangaorapan							48.9
						Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian				Riochican			56
										Itaboraian			56.9 *
										Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian								Tiupampan			62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian			427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian			429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Middle Cambrian				497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Early Cambrian				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
													538.8