PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian Ages of Europe	Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of Britain				North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian								Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian								Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																2.58
		Zanclean																3.6
		Zanclean								Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Tortonian								Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Clarendonian								11.63
		Serravallian								Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
										Hemingfordian								16.3
										Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4															23.03
		Rupelian																27.82
										Whitneyan								29.5
										Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian								Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian								Bridgerian								47.8
										Wasatchian								50.5
										Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian								Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian								Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian								Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian								Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										Senonian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7															72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										Gallic					100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2										Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1															132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6															145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5															149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4															165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4															168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3															174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2															184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Ashgill	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	Chientangkiangian				445.2
									Cautleyan					448.9 *
									Pusgillian					449.3 *
									Pusgillian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
								Caradoc	Streffordian					Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan						451.5 *
									Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4												453
														Actonian †	453.2 *
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †	455.2 *
									Aurelucian				Longvillian †	456.8 *
									Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Guniu †/Hulo		461.3 *
												Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Dapingian				467.3
		Dapingian						Arenig	Fennian		Dapingian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian		Yiyangian				470
									Whitlandian						471.1 *
									Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tremadoc	Migneintian		Xinchangian				477.7
									Migneintian				Lianghekou †		477.9 *
									Cressagian						480.8 *
															485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Datsonian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				485.4
											Payntonian		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				486.8 *
											Payntonian		Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian		Festiniogian				489.5
		Jiangshanian									Iverian		Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian									Idamean		Maentwrogian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								Mindyallan	St Davids					497
		Guzhangian									Boomerangian						499
		Drumian									Undillan						500.5
		Drumian									Floran						503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								Templetonian						504.5
		Wuliuan									Ordian						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4									Ordian	Caerfai					509
		Stage 4															510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
																		538.8