PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene	Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian											Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian											Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian											Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian									Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites					168.2
		Bajocian										Humphresianum				168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3								Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense				174.7
											Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons					180.1
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1								Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1								Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4													201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4													208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2													273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian		Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4		Adorf	Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Siegen	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2					470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian			489.5
								Aksaian			490.7 *
								Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian									494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Ayusokkanian			Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Amgan/Solvan					Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Amgan/Solvan			Early Cambrian			509
								Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
								Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2					Botomian						514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian						521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
																538.8