PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of the Baltic	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Villanyian				2.58
		Piacenzian							Ruscinian				3.1 *
		Zanclean							Ruscinian				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Turolian				5.333
		Tortonian							Turolian				7.246
		Tortonian							Vallesian				8.7
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Astaracian				11.63
		Langhian							Astaracian				13.82
		Burdigalian							Orleanian				15.98
		Burdigalian							Agenian				20
		Aquitanian							Agenian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							Senonian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							Gallic			100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan	150
												Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian										Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1										192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian										Warepan	208.5
												Otamitan	217
												Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3									Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3								Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2									Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian										Etalian	238
		Anisian										Etalian	242
		Anisian		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian				264.28
						Noginskian		264.9 *
							Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3	Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Leonardian				Cathedralian			273.01
							Mangapirian				276
						Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
								Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian							283.5
							Telfordian		285
				Wolfcampian				Lenoxian	286.1 *
						Rusavkinian			287.6 *
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					Nealian	Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian			Missourian		303.7
						Khamovnikian					304.8
						Krevyakinian					305.8 *
						Krevyakinian			Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Myachkovian					307
						Podolskian					308.9 *
						Kashirian					311.4 *
						Kashirian			Atokan		312.7 *
						Vereian					313.8
						Melekessian					314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian					315.2
						Cheremshanian					316.9 *
						Cheremshanian			Morrowan		318.4 *
						Prikamian				318.6 *
						Severokeltmian				319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
						Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Zapaltjubian			Chesterian	323.2
						Protvian				324.4 *
						Steshevian				326.8 *
						Tarusian				329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Venevian				330.9
						Mikhailovian				331.9 *
						Aleksinian				333.7 *
						Tulian			Meramecian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian			Meramecian	339.9 *
						Bobrikian			Osagean	343.1 *
						Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Kosvian				346.7
						Kizelian				350.7 *
						Cherepetian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
						Karakubian				354.4 *
						Upinian				356.3 *
						Malevkian				357.6 *
						Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian								Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian								Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian								Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							Jaani	433.4
		Telychian								Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian								Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian								Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5								445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
		Stage 10			Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian			Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian			Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	St Davids			497
		Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Branchian			Caerfai	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Branchian				514
		Stage 3		Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
													538.8