PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Central Paratethys Stages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene					Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene			Yushean		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian				Late Pliocene					Waipipian	3
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene					Waipipian	3.6
											Opoitian	3.7
									Baodean		Opoitian	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene				Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian						Pannonian			Tongaporutuan	7.246
										Southland	Waiauan	11.04
									Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Middle Miocene		Sarmatian				11.63
								Badenian				12.8 *
								Badenian			Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian							Shanwangian		Lillburnian	13.82
											Clifdenian	15.1
										Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene						15.98
									Xiejiaan			16.9
											Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Late Oligocene					Waitakian	23.03
											Duntroonian	25.2
											Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Late Eocene						33.9
										Arnold	Runangan	34.6
											Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene					Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Bortonian	41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
											Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian				Early Eocene					Heretaungan	47.8
											Mangaorapan	48.9
											Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Late Paleocene					Teurian	56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
											Mangaotanean	90.5
											Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								Arowhanan	93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
											Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								Motuan	100.5
											Urutawan	103.3
										Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian	259.51
		Wordian					Midian	264.28
		Wordian					Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3				Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian					Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian					Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian					Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5							445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
												538.8