PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Silurian of the Baltic	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Britain		European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene					MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene				Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
													Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean							Early Pliocene					MN 15	3.6
														MN 14	4.2
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene				Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
													Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
														MN 9	9.7
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Middle Miocene				Astaracian	MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian												MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian												MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene				Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
													Orleanian	MN 3	16.9
													Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian												MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian												MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4						Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3						Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2						Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6												145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5												149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3												174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2												184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1												192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4												201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4												208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian	Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
				Desmoinesian	Krevyakinian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
				Atokan	Kashirian	312.7 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Morrowan	Cheremshanian	318.4 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Meramecian	Tulian	335.8 *
				Meramecian	Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Osagean	Bobrikian	343.1 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
				Kinderhookian	Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Southwoodian			Cazenovian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian							Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5							445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10									Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
															538.8