PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian Ages of Europe	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian Subages	Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6															0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian														Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian														Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian														Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian														Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5													Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian														Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian														Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian														Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4													Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3													Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2													Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1													Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian														Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian														Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian												Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian												Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											Late Albian				100.5
														Middle Albian				106.2 *
														Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											Late Aptian				113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian												Late Berriasian				139.8
														Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
														Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6											Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian												Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian												Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian													Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian								Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites				Late Bajocian				168.2
											Humphresianum			Late Bajocian				168.4
											Humphresianum			Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3							Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			Late Toarcian				174.7
														Late Toarcian				180.1
														Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Middle Toarcian				182
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2							Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1							Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1							Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4															201.4
		Norian												Sevatian				208.5
														Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4		Adorf	Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Srbsko	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Chotec	Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Chotec	Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian	Siegen	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	Rootsikula			427.4
								Gleedonian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
								Whitwellian				429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						Jaani		433.4
		Telychian							Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian									Gamachian	445.2
											Richmondian	446 *
											Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian		450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Chatfieldian		453
											Turinian		453.7 *
										Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3											458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2											467.3
		Dapingian									Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian									Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Tulean				477.7
				Stairsian							480.3 *
				Skullrockian							Demingian †			482 *
											Demingian †			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian				485.4
		Stage 10															487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
											Aksaian						490.7 *
											Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian															494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								Amgan/Solvan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Amgan/Solvan						509
											Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
											Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2								Botomian						514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian						521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1								Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
																		538.8