PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of Western Europe	North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Sheridanian			0.0117
		Chibanian									Sheridanian			0.129
		Chibanian									Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
		Calabrian									Cudahyan/Sappan			0.774
		Calabrian									Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
		Zanclean									Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian									Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian									late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
											Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
											late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											23.03
												Monroecreekian		23.1 *
												Geringian		24.7 *
		Rupelian										Geringian		27.82
		Rupelian												29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian												37
		Bartonian												37.71
		Bartonian									Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Late Uintan/Early Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian									Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian									Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			47.8
											Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			50.5
													Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian											Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian											Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian											To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian											To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian											Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					Late Albian						100.5
								Middle Albian						106.2 *
								Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Late Aptian						113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian						139.8
								Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
								Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian			157.9 *				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		174.7
				Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian		Sevatian		208.5
				Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian		227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Emsian			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian							Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian							Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									497
		Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3									Branchian	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2									Branchian	514
		Stage 3										Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
														538.8