PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian										Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian										Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian			3
		Zanclean										Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean										Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian										Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5									Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian										Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian			13.82
												Clifdenian			15.1
											Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian										Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian										Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
												Duntroonian			25.2
												Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian											Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
											Arnold	Runangan			34.6
												Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian										Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2									Bortonian			41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
												Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian										Heretaungan		Bumbanian	47.8
												Mangaorapan			48.9
												Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1									Teurian	Gashatan		56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
												Mangaotanean			90.5
												Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									Arowhanan			93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
												Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									Motuan			100.5
												Urutawan			103.3
											Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									Korangan			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	Zechstein	254.14
					Kalabagh		255 *
					Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian					264.28
							265.3 *
					Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Emsian			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian							Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian					Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
															538.8