PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Australia	Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Chibanian											Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian											Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian											Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian											Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian											Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian											Waipipian					3
		Zanclean											Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean											Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian											Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian											Tongaporutuan				Pannonian	7.246
		Tortonian										Southland	Waiauan				Pannonian	11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5														Sarmatian	11.63
																	Badenian	12.8 *
													Lillburnian				Badenian	13.05
		Langhian											Lillburnian					13.82
													Clifdenian					15.1
												Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian											Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian											Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian											Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										Waitakian					23.03
													Duntroonian					25.2
													Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3															33.9
												Arnold	Runangan					34.6
													Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian											Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian											Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Bortonian					41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
													Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian											Heretaungan					47.8
													Mangaorapan					48.9
													Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Teurian					56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
													Mangaotanean					90.5
													Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										Arowhanan					93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
													Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										Motuan					100.5
													Urutawan					103.3
												Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										Korangan					113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2															125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Emsian		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Ashgill	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		Bolindian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	Chientangkiangian					445.2
									Cautleyan						448.9 *
									Cautleyan					Eastonian	449 *
									Pusgillian						449.3 *
									Pusgillian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
								Caradoc	Streffordian						Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan							451.5 *
									Cheneyan					Gisbornian		452 *
									Burrellian							452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4										453
													Actonian †		453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
									Aurelucian				Longvillian †			456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					Aurelucian						457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			Darriwilian	458.4
								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Guniu †/Hulo				461.3 *
											Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Dapingian				Yapeenian	467.3
				Arenig				Fennian						Yapeenian	468.4 *
														Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Yiyangian				Chewtonian	470
								Whitlandian						Chewtonian	471.1 *
														Bendigonian	471.8 *
														Lancefieldian	473.5 *
								Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc				Migneintian		Xinchangian					477.7
								Migneintian				Lianghekou †			477.9 *
								Cressagian							480.8 *
								Cressagian						Warendian	482.8 *
														Warendian	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5												Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10													Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian													Iverian	489.5
		Paibian													Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4												Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian													Boomerangian	499
		Drumian			Undillan										500.5
		Drumian			Floran										503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Templetonian										504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian										507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian										509
		Stage 4													510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1												529
																		538.8