PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Germany	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene	Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene	Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene					2.58
		Zanclean									Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean									Early Pliocene	Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian										Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Middle Miocene	Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian										Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene					15.98
												Hemingfordian				16.3
												Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								Late Oligocene					23.03
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene					27.82
												Whitneyan				29.5
												Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								Late Eocene	Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian									Late Eocene	Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene	Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2									Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene	Bridgerian				47.8
												Wasatchian				50.5
												Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian									Late Paleocene	Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian									Early Paleocene	Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian									Early Paleocene	Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras								168.2
		Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense		181.3 *
				Carlottense		182.3 *
				Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Kunae		184.2
				Freboldi		185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Buntsandstein	251.902
		Wuchiapingian						254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian		Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian		Leine	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
								Filipovian		276.5 *
								Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
								Irginian		285.9 *
								Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1				Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
								Uskalykian		294.8
								Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian								Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4										307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3								323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2								330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4								Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3								Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3								Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2								Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1								Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1									433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian										Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2									Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5												485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4												497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
																538.8