PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Germany	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5													11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3													37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1													56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							Late Albian						100.5
										Middle Albian						106.2 *
										Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							Late Aptian						113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2							Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian						139.8
										Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
										Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6							Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4							Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian								Late Bajocian						168.2
		Bajocian								Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3							Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian						174.7
										Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
										Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2							Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1							Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1							Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4													201.4
		Norian								Sevatian						208.5
										Alaunian						213.2 *
										Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Tuvalian						227
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Dorashamian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Zechstein		Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Zechstein		Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian		Rotliegendes	Midian			259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian			Midian			264.28
		Wordian		Urzhumian			Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Kazanian				Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3	Kazanian				Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian		273.01
							Filipovian	Kubergandian		276.5 *
							Filipovian	Bolorian		279.8
							Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian		Sarginian	Autunian			283.5
						Irginian				285.9 *
						Irginian		Yakhtashian		286
						Burtsevian		Yakhtashian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian		Sakmarian		290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Tastubian		Sakmarian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian		Shikhanian		Asselian		293.52
						Uskalykian				294.8
						Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5							303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		Late Famennian	358.9
												Middle Famennian	365.3 *
												Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4							Adorf		Late Frasnian	372.2
												Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
												Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
												Middle Givetian	383.7 *
												Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian								Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian								Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2							Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1							Siegen	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian								Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	410.8
											Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
											Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian										Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1										433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5										443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5										445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2										470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5										Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian											Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian											Paibian		494
		Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian								Paibian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Guzhangian								Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		Drumian								Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Wuliuan/Taijangian								Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Duyunian										509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Nangaoian										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		Meishucunian										521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1		Meishucunian										529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1		Jinnigian										530.7
																538.8