PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian								3
		Zanclean				Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian								13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian										Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Bortonian								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan							Bumbanian	47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian						Gashatan		56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian					Senonian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
						Mangaotanean								90.5
						Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan								93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
						Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan					Gallic			100.5
						Urutawan								103.3
					Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan								113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4					Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Couvinien	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2						Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1						Pragian	407.6
		Pragian						Coblencien	Pragian	408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian								Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian				Arcadian					498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4		Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Dyeran							514
				Montezuman							514.8 *
				Montezuman	Placentian						517.1
				Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
														538.8