PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran													0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian													0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian													0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan													1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan													1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian													2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian													2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian													3
		Zanclean				Waipipian													3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian													3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean													5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan													7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan													7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan													11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Waiauan													11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian													13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian													13.82
						Clifdenian													15.1
					Pareora	Altonian													15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian													15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian													18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian													20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian													21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian													23.03
						Duntroonian													25.2
						Whaingaroan													27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																33.9
					Arnold	Runangan													34.6
						Kaiatan													36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan													37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian													39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Bortonian													41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan													42.6
						Heretaungan													45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan													47.8
						Mangaorapan													48.9
						Waipawan													52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian													56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan													83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan													86.1
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
						Mangaotanean													90.5
						Arowhanan													93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan													93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian													95.2
						Motuan													99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan													100.5
						Urutawan													103.3
					Taitai	Korangan													108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan													113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Kathwai		Melekhovian	251.902
								252.4 *
					Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru			254.14
					Kalabagh			255 *
					Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
							Noginskian	264.9 *
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian					Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian		303.7
							Khamovnikian		304.8
							Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Myachkovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
							Podolskian		308.9 *
							Kashirian		311.4 *
							Vereian		313.8
							Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
							Cheremshanian		316.9 *
							Prikamian		318.6 *
							Severokeltmian		319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
							Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
							Protvian		324.4 *
							Steshevian		326.8 *
							Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
							Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Couvinien			Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien						408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							Ohesaare	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
										Ohesaare		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
										Kaugetuma		Bringewood/Elton	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Ludfordian								Paadla		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423.4 *
		Gorstian											425.6
		Gorstian										Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula		Buildwas	427.4
										Rootsikula	Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
										Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							Jaani			433.4
										Adavere			434 *
													436.3 *
		Aeronian											438.5
											Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
					Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula					440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian											Rawtheyan	445.2
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
													Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
													Cheneyan		451.5 *
													Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4												453
														Actonian †	453.2 *
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †		455.2 *
													Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
													Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian									Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											Fennian			470
													Whitlandian			471.1 *
													Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
											Tremadoc		Cressagian			480.8 *
																485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5													Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10															Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian															Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian															Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian															Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4													Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4													Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3													Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan														Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4														Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2													Dyeran		514
																Montezuman		514.8 *
						Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
																			538.8