PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian Subages	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian									0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian									2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian									3
		Zanclean				Waipipian									3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian									3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan									7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Waiauan									11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian									13.82
						Clifdenian									15.1
					Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian									15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
						Duntroonian									25.2
						Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian											Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
					Arnold	Runangan									34.6
						Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Bortonian									41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
						Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan								Bumbanian	47.8
						Mangaorapan									48.9
						Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian							Gashatan		56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian					Senonian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
						Mangaotanean									90.5
						Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan									93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
						Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan					Gallic				100.5
						Urutawan									103.3
					Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan									113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
											Middle Famennian	365.3 *
											Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4							Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
											Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
											Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
											Middle Givetian	383.7 *
											Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian								Couvinien	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian									Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2								Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2								Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1								Pragian	407.6
		Pragian								Coblencien	Pragian	408.2 *
		Lochkovian								Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	410.8
											Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
											Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian				Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Dyeran			514
				Montezuman			514.8 *
				Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
				Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
															538.8