PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of France	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of the Russian Platform		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6					Saintaugustinean			Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean									0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean									0.129
								Irvingtonian									0.21
												Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian															0.774
								Blancan									1.4
												Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian					3
		Zanclean										Waipipian					3.6
												Opoitian					3.7
								Hemphillian				Opoitian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian															7.246
								Clarendonian									9.4
											Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5														11.63
								Barstovian									12.5
												Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian					13.82
												Clifdenian					15.1
											Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian															15.98
								Hemingfordian									16.3
								Arikareean									18.5
												Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									Waitakian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
												Duntroonian					25.2
												Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian													Kekeamuan		27.82
								Whitneyan									29.5
								Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Chadronian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
											Arnold	Runangan					34.6
												Kaiatan					36.7
								Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian													Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
												Bortonian					39.1
								Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2														41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
												Heretaungan					45.7
								Bridgerian									46.2
		Ypresian														Bumbanian	47.8
												Mangaorapan					48.9
								Wasatchian				Mangaorapan					50.5
								Wasatchian				Waipawan					52
								Clarkforkian				Waipawan					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Clarkforkian				Teurian			Gashatan		56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian							Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian									59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian									60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian									61.6
		Danian						Puercan									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
		Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
								Filipovian	276.5 *
								Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
								Irginian	285.9 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1				Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
								Uskalykian	294.8
								Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Couvinien					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien					408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Hunjiang †	Darriwilian			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian			Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan							485.4
					Payntonian								486.8 *
					Payntonian								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian			Iverian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Iverian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			Idamean								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Mindyallan	Marjumian							Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian									499
		Drumian			Undillan									500.5
		Drumian			Floran									503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Templetonian	Topazan								504.5
					Templetonian	Delamaran								506.5
					Ordian									507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian								Waucoban †	509
														510.8 *
						Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Dyeran								514
						Montezuman								514.8 *
						Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
																	538.8