PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of France	Cambrian of China		North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Britain		European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean							0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian							0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian							0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan							1.4
		Gelasian											MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
												Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
													MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean											MN 15	3.6
													MN 14	4.2
							Hemphillian						MN 14	4.7
													MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian											MN 12	7.246
													MN 11	7.75
												Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
							Clarendonian						MN 10	9.4
													MN 9	9.7
													MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5									Astaracian		11.63
							Barstovian							12.5
													MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian											MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian										Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
							Hemingfordian						MN 4	16.3
							Hemingfordian						MN 3	16.9
							Arikareean						MN 3	18.5
												Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian											MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian											MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
							Whitneyan							29.5
							Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Chadronian							33.9
		Priabonian					Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean							37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian					Bridgerian							47.8
							Wasatchian							50.5
							Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian					Puercan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian			315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Bolindian		443.8
		Katian				Bolindian		445.2
						Eastonian		449 *
						Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian				Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian		470
						Bendigonian		471.8 *
						Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Lancefieldian		477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10				Niuchehean				Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian				Paibian					494
		Paibian				Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4			Drumian		Wangcunian †			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Wuliuan/Taijangian					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Duyunian			Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Nangaoian					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			Jinnigian					530.7
														538.8