PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of France	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of Western Europe		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian														Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian														Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian														Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian																Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian																Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian																Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian														Late Pliocene		Waipipian	3
		Zanclean														Early Pliocene		Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean														Early Pliocene		Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian														Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian																Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian															Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5													Middle Miocene		Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian																Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian																Lillburnian	13.82
																		Clifdenian	15.1
																	Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian														Early Miocene		Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian																Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian																Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian															Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Late Oligocene		Waitakian	23.03
																		Duntroonian	25.2
																		Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian												MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Eocene			33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																		Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian												MP 16		Middle Eocene		Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian												MP 16				Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				Bortonian	41.2
																	Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																		Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian												MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Early Eocene		Heretaungan	47.8
																		Mangaorapan	48.9
																		Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1											MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Late Paleocene		Teurian	56
		Selandian														Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian														Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7															Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian															Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
																		Mangaotanean	90.5
																		Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															Arowhanan	93.9
																	Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																		Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4															Motuan	100.5
																		Urutawan	103.3
																	Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Kuzel	Mapingian †	298.9
					Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
							Cantabrian	305 *
								305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Couvinien				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Cincinnatian					Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	Chientangkiangian			445.2
									Richmondian	Chientangkiangian			446 *
									Richmondian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
									Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian					450.4 *
				Mohawkian					Chatfieldian					451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Chatfieldian					453
									Turinian					453.7 *
				Whiterockian									Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian	Dapingian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian					Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
		Floian							Tulean						Yiyangian	473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1												Xinchangian	477.7
												Lianghekou †				477.9 *
									Stairsian							480.3 *
									Skullrockian					Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Skullrockian							485.4
		Stage 10														487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4													497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4													500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3													509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
																			538.8