PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian							MN 17				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							MN 16				2.58
		Piacenzian							MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean							MN 15				3.6
									MN 14				4.2
									MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							MN 13				5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian	MN 12				7.246
									MN 11				7.75
									MN 10				8.7
									MN 9				9.7
									MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Sarmatian	MN 7 + 8				11.63
		Serravallian						Badenian	MN 6				12.8 *
		Langhian							MN 5				13.82
		Burdigalian							MN 4				15.98
									MN 3				16.9
									MN 2				20
		Aquitanian							MN 2				20.44
		Aquitanian							MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2									Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								Gashatan		56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6										145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5										149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3										174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2										184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1										192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4										201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4										208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian		Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Chotec	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian		407.6
		Pragian			Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Waucoban †	Branchian	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Dyeran			514
							Montezuman			514.8 *
							Montezuman		Placentian	517.1
							Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
													538.8