PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4									Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1									Gashatan		56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						Senonian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4						Gallic					100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3											174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4											208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2											273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Bursumian †										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Virgilian	Mapingian †									298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian	Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian		Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Chesterian		330.9
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4			Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2					Dyeran			514
								Montezuman			514.8 *
								Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
								Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
														538.8