PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5														11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2														41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2							Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Gashatan								56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan					150
												Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian										Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4														165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4														168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1														192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian										Warepan					208.5
												Otamitan					217
												Oretian					221
		Carnian	Triassic 3									Oretian					227
		Carnian	Triassic 3								Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2									Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian										Etalian					238
		Anisian										Etalian					242
		Anisian										Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1									Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian										Nelsonian					249
		Induan		251.2								Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Bursumian †	293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1			Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Virgilian	Kuzel	298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C			300.3 *
								Stephanian B			300.9 *
								Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Missourian		Stephanian A	303.7
						Missourian		Cantabrian	305 *
						Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
						Atokan		Westphalian C	312.7 *
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
						Morrowan		Westphalian A	318.4 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Chesterian		Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Meramecian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
							Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
						Osagean	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Osagean	Ivorian		346.7
						Kinderhookian	Ivorian		351.9 *
						Kinderhookian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						Srbsko	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						Chotec	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						Daleje/Zlichovian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1									433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian										Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2									Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									Late Cambrian				485.4
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									Middle Cambrian				497
		Guzhangian		Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Branchian	Early Cambrian							509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Branchian								514
		Stage 3		Placentian								517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
																	538.8