PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian Subages	Cambrian Epochs	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							11.63
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3							37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4				Late Albian			100.5
							Middle Albian			106.2 *
							Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Late Aptian			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian			139.8
							Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
							Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian			174.7
							Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
							Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian					Sevatian			208.5
							Alaunian			213.2 *
							Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Tuvalian			227
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
				Griesbachian	251.4 *
				Griesbachian	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Late Famennian		358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4				Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
										538.8