PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of the Baltic				North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6						Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian							Rancholabrean							0.129
		Chibanian							Irvingtonian							0.21
		Calabrian							Irvingtonian							0.774
		Calabrian							Blancan							1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
		Zanclean														3.6
		Zanclean							Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian							Clarendonian							9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Clarendonian							11.63
		Serravallian							Barstovian							12.5
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
									Hemingfordian							16.3
									Arikareean							18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
									Whitneyan							29.5
									Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Chadronian							33.9
		Priabonian							Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian							Duchesnean							37.71
		Bartonian							Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian							Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian							Bridgerian							47.8
									Wasatchian							50.5
									Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian							Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian							Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian							Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian							Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian							Puercan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									Senonian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									Gallic				100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2									Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4													168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3													174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2													184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian		Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Harju	Porkuni	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		445.2
								Pirgu	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
								Vormsi					449.6 *
								Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
								Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Keila					Idavere †	453
								Haljala						453.9
								Kukruse						456.4 *
								Uhaku					Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Uhaku	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
								Lasnamagi				458.9 *
								Aseri				460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
												Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
								Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Volkhov	Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen	Dapingian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Yiyangian					470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Xinchangian					477.7
											Lianghekou †			477.9 *
								Varangu						481.3 *
								Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Pakerort		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
											Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian				489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							St Davids					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4												500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							Caerfai					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1												529
																538.8