PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6															0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4						Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3						Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2						Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8															66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7															72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4															100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2															125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1															132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6															145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5															149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4															165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4															168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3															174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2															184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1															192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4															201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4															208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Melekhovian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
		Wordian																264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian											264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2															273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian											276.8 *
		Artinskian					Pavlovoposadian											283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian											287.6 *
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian		300 *
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian	303.7
							Khamovnikian	304.8
						Dalaun	Krevyakinian	305.8 *
							Krevyakinian	305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Cheremshanian	Huashibanian		318.5 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Lousuan	Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
					Lousuan	Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Dewunian	Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
					Shangsian	Tarusian		330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Jiusian	Aleksinian		335 *
						Tulian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian		339.9 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan	Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
						Kizelian		350.7 *
						Cherepetian		351.9 *
						Karakubian		354.4 *
						Upinian		356.3 *
						Malevkian		357.6 *
						Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Datsonian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
				Payntonian					486.8 *
				Payntonian					Sunwaptan								487.5
		Jiangshanian		Iverian													489.5
														Aksaian			490.7 *
														Sakian			492.2 *
									Steptoean								493 *
		Paibian		Idamean													494
		Paibian		Idamean												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Mindyallan					Marjumian				Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
				Boomerangian										Ayusokkanian			499
				Boomerangian										Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian		Undillan													500.5
		Drumian		Floran													503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Templetonian					Topazan					Amgan/Solvan			504.5
				Templetonian					Delamaran								506.5
				Ordian													507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4											Waucoban †				509
														Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
																	510.8 *
									Dyeran								511 *
														Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2														514
									Montezuman								514.8 *
									Montezuman					Atdabanian			515.6 *
									Begadean					Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Tommotian			521
		Stage 2												Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1											Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
																		538.8