PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian of France	Carboniferous Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of China			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Britain	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6					Saintaugustinean									0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean									0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean									0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian									0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian									0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan									1.4
		Gelasian														MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
															Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
																MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean														MN 15	3.6
																MN 14	4.2
								Hemphillian								MN 14	4.7
																MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian							Pannonian							MN 12	7.246
																MN 11	7.75
															Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
								Clarendonian								MN 10	9.4
																MN 9	9.7
																MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Sarmatian						Astaracian		11.63
								Barstovian	Sarmatian								12.5
									Badenian							MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian														MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian													Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
								Hemingfordian								MN 4	16.3
								Hemingfordian								MN 3	16.9
								Arikareean								MN 3	18.5
															Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian														MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4														23.03
		Rupelian															27.82
								Whitneyan									29.5
								Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Chadronian									33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean									37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Uintan									41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian									46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian									47.8
								Wasatchian									50.5
								Clarkforkian									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Clarkforkian									56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian									56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian									59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian									60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian									61.6
		Danian						Puercan									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
					Stephanian		Stephanian C		300.3 *
							Stephanian B		300.9 *
							Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian					303.7
				Khamovnikian					304.8
				Khamovnikian			Cantabrian		305 *
				Krevyakinian					305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian		Myachkovian			307
					Westphalian	Myachkovian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
						Podolskian	Westphalian D		308.9 *
						Podolskian	Westphalian C		309.8
						Kashirian			311.4 *
						Vereian			313.8
						Vereian	Westphalian B		314.6
						Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		Melekessian			315.2
						Cheremshanian			316.9 *
						Cheremshanian	Westphalian A		317 *
						Prikamian	Westphalian A		318.6 *
					Namurian	Prikamian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
						Severokeltmian	Yeadonian	319.9 *
						Severokeltmian	Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Krasnopolyanian	Marsdenian	321.2 *
						Krasnopolyanian	Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Voznesenian	Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian		Zapaltjubian	Chokierian	323.2
						Zapaltjubian	Arnsbergian	324 *
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Steshevian	Pendleian	327.4 *
						Tarusian	Pendleian	329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
				Livian	Asbian †		Tulian	336.3 *
				Livian	Asbian †		Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		Bobrikian	340.2 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Ivorian		Early Mississippian	Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
							Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Hastarian			Cherepetian	353.7 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Couvinien			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien			408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian							Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10											Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian											Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian											Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3									Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
																	538.8