PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of North America	Permian of China	Permian of North America		Cambrian Epochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Tarantian	0.0117
		Chibanian												Ionian	0.129
		Chibanian											Castlecliffian	Ionian	0.34
		Calabrian											Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian											Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian											Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian											Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian											Waipipian		3
		Zanclean											Waipipian		3.6
		Zanclean											Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian											Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian									Pannonian		Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian									Pannonian	Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Sarmatian				11.63
											Badenian				12.8 *
											Badenian		Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian											Lillburnian		13.82
													Clifdenian		15.1
												Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian											Altonian		15.98
		Burdigalian											Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian											Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										Waitakian		23.03
													Duntroonian		25.2
													Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												33.9
												Arnold	Runangan		34.6
													Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian											Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian											Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Bortonian		41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
													Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian											Heretaungan		47.8
													Mangaorapan		48.9
													Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Teurian		56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
													Mangaotanean		90.5
													Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										Arowhanan		93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
													Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										Motuan		100.5
													Urutawan		103.3
												Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian	Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Kuhfengian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						283.5
					Longlinian			285.4 *
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Bursumian †		Zisongian	Nealian	293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1		Bursumian †			Nealian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Virgilian					298.9
										300.1
									Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Missourian					Stephanian A	303.7
					Missourian					Cantabrian	305 *
					Desmoinesian						305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4								307
									Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
					Atokan					Westphalian C	312.7 *
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
					Morrowan					Westphalian A	318.4 *
									Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Chesterian					Chokierian	323.2
										Arnsbergian	324 *
										Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Meramecian				Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
									Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
									Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
					Osagean				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Osagean				Ivorian		346.7
					Kinderhookian				Ivorian		351.9 *
				Hastarian	Kinderhookian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian		427.4
		Homerian							Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5								445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
															538.8