PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Pamirs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of France	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4								Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3								Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2								Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					Late Albian							100.5
								Middle Albian							106.2 *
								Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Late Aptian							113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian							139.8
								Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
								Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian							168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian							174.7
								Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
								Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4												201.4
		Norian						Sevatian							208.5
								Alaunian							213.2 *
								Lacian							216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3					Tuvalian							227
		Carnian	Triassic 3					Julian							233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein	Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	Midian	259.51
		Wordian				Midian	264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian			Autunian	Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Bursumian †	Asselian	293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1			Bursumian †	Asselian	Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Virgilian		Kuzel		298.9
								Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Missourian				Stephanian A	303.7
						Missourian				Cantabrian	305 *
						Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4								307
								Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
						Atokan				Westphalian C	312.7 *
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
						Morrowan				Westphalian A	318.4 *
								Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Chesterian				Chokierian	323.2
										Arnsbergian	324 *
										Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
						Meramecian		Warnantian	335.8 *	Brigantian †
								Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
						Osagean		Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Osagean		Ivorian		346.7
						Kinderhookian		Ivorian		351.9 *
						Kinderhookian		Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2								393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								407.6
		Pragian								Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian									Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian							Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian									470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian									477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian								Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5										485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4										497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3										509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
															538.8