PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Saintaugustinean			Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean									0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean									0.129
					Irvingtonian									0.21
									Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian												0.774
					Blancan									1.4
									Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian					3
		Zanclean							Waipipian					3.6
									Opoitian					3.7
					Hemphillian				Opoitian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian												7.246
					Clarendonian									9.4
								Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
					Barstovian									12.5
									Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian					13.82
									Clifdenian					15.1
								Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian												15.98
					Hemingfordian									16.3
					Arikareean									18.5
									Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Waitakian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
									Duntroonian					25.2
									Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian										Kekeamuan		27.82
					Whitneyan									29.5
					Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Chadronian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
								Arnold	Runangan					34.6
									Kaiatan					36.7
					Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
									Bortonian					39.1
					Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
									Heretaungan					45.7
					Bridgerian									46.2
		Ypresian											Bumbanian	47.8
									Mangaorapan					48.9
					Wasatchian				Mangaorapan					50.5
					Wasatchian				Waipawan					52
					Clarkforkian				Waipawan					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Clarkforkian				Teurian			Gashatan		56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian							Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian									59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian									60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian									61.6
		Danian			Puercan									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian					Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian		303.7
							Khamovnikian		304.8
							Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Myachkovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
							Podolskian		308.9 *
							Kashirian		311.4 *
							Vereian		313.8
							Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
							Cheremshanian		316.9 *
							Prikamian		318.6 *
							Severokeltmian		319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian			Late Mississippian	323.2
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Tarusian				329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Venevian			Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Mikhailovian				331.9 *
				Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian				335.8 *
				Bobrikian				339.9 *
				Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian			Early Mississippian	346.7
				Kizelian				350.7 *
				Cherepetian				351.9 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Marjumian					Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran					Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Dyeran						514
					Montezuman						514.8 *
					Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
														538.8