PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of North America		Cambrian of China		South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Silurian of England		Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian							Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian						Lujanian							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian						Ensenadan							Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian						Ensenadan							Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian						Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian						Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Vorohuean							Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian						Chapadmalalan							Late Pliocene	2.9 *
		Zanclean						Chapadmalalan							Early Pliocene	3.6
								Montehermosan								3.7 *
								Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian								Pannonian						7.246
								Chasicoan								7.9 *
								Mayoan								9.9 *
								Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Sarmatian					Middle Miocene	11.63
										Badenian						12.8 *
								Colloncuran		Badenian						13.7 *
		Langhian						Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian						Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian						Friasian							Early Miocene	15.98
								Santacrucian								16.2 *
								Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian						Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian						Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian													Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian						Tinguirirican							Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Tinguirirican							Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian						Divisaderan							Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian													Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Lutetian						Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian						Mustersan							Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian						Casamayoran							Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Riochican							Late Paleocene	56
								Itaboraian								56.9 *
								Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian													Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian						Tiupampan							Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4													168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian					Wych		Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
		Aeronian					Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10							Niuchehean				Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian				Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian				Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian							Paibian					494
		Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian	St Davids		497
		Guzhangian							Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian							Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Wuliuan/Taijangian						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						Duyunian		Early Cambrian	Branchian		Caerfai	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2						Nangaoian			Branchian			514
		Stage 3							Nangaoian			Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1						Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1						Jinnigian						530.7
																538.8