PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian												Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian												Nukumaruan	MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian												Mangapanian	MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	MN 16	2.58
														Waipipian	MN 16	3
															MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean										Early Pliocene				3.6
														Opoitian		3.7
															MN 14	4.2
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian													MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
															MN 10	8.7
															MN 9	9.7
													Southland	Waiauan	MN 9	11.04
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5									Middle Miocene			MN 7 + 8	11.63
															MN 6	12.8 *
														Lillburnian	MN 6	13.05
		Langhian												Lillburnian	MN 5	13.82
														Clifdenian		15.1
													Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene			MN 4	15.98
															MN 3	16.9
														Otaian	MN 3	18.7
															MN 2	20
		Aquitanian														20.44
													Landon	Waitakian		21.7
															MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									Late Oligocene				23.03
														Duntroonian		25.2
														Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian										Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									Late Eocene				33.9
													Arnold	Runangan		34.6
														Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian										Middle Eocene		Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian												Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											Bortonian		41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
														Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian										Early Eocene		Heretaungan		47.8
														Mangaorapan		48.9
														Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1									Late Paleocene		Teurian		56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Lancian/Edmontonian					Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Judithian/Aquilan						Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
														Mangaotanean		90.5
														Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	93.9										Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
						Kanense			181.3 *
						Carlottense			182.3 *
						Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Kunae			184.2
						Freboldi			185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1							192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4							208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4							Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian									Wordian		264.28
		Wordian								Noginskian	Wordian		264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3								Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2								Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
										Pavlovoposadian			Cathedralian	276.8 *
													Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian											Hessian	283.5
											Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
										Rusavkinian				287.6 *
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1										Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5										298.9
		Kasimovian								Dorogomilovian			303.7
								Khamovnikian		304.8
								Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					Myachkovian		307
								Podolskian		308.9 *
								Kashirian		311.4 *
								Vereian		313.8
								Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian		315.2
								Cheremshanian		316.9 *
								Prikamian		318.6 *
								Severokeltmian		319.9 *
								Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
								Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Zapaltjubian			323.2
					Protvian			324.4 *
					Steshevian			326.8 *
					Tarusian			329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Venevian			330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Southwoodian			Cazenovian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Ohesaare					419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma					421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				425.6		Paadla
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
																538.8