PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 2 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Saintaugustinean										0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean										0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean										0.129
		Chibanian			Irvingtonian										0.21
		Calabrian			Irvingtonian										0.774
		Calabrian			Blancan										1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
					Hemphillian										4.7
														Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
					Clarendonian										9.4
														Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												11.63
		Serravallian			Barstovian										12.5
		Langhian												Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
					Hemingfordian										16.3
					Hemingfordian									Xiejiaan	16.9
					Arikareean										18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
					Whitneyan										29.5
					Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Chadronian										33.9
		Priabonian			Duchesnean										37
		Bartonian			Duchesnean										37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan										39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Uintan										41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian										46.2
		Ypresian			Bridgerian										47.8
					Wasatchian										50.5
					Clarkforkian										54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Clarkforkian										56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian										56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian										59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian										60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian										61.6
		Danian			Puercan										63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						Senonian						66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4						Gallic						100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6												145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5												149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Meishanian		Melekhovian		251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian				Noginskian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Luodianian				273.01
		Kungurian				Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian						283.5
				Longlinian				285.4 *
						Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Zisongian				298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Myachkovian		307
						Podolskian		308.9 *
						Kashirian		311.4 *
						Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian		315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Zapaltjubian		323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Emsian		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian		469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tulean				477.7
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
				Mansian †							Demingian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian					Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10									Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian		489.5
				Aksaian									490.7 *
				Sakian									492.2 *
		Paibian									Paibian		494
										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian							Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian							Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan							Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan							Duyunian		509
				Toyonian					Lenian †				510 *
				Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian							Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian							Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian							Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1						Manykaian †				529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1						Manykaian †		Jinnigian		530.7
															538.8