PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Cambrian Epochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5													11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian										33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan										37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2				Bumbanian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Gashatan										56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Lancian/Edmontonian								66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Judithian/Aquilan								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4													168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3													174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2													184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1													192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4													201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4													208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Meishanian												251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian					Zechstein							254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian					Zechstein							257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan					Rotliegendes							259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian												264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Kuhfengian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Luodianian												273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian					Autunian							283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian												285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Zisongian	Mapingian †				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Harju	Porkuni	Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
							Pirgu	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
							Vormsi					449.6 *
							Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
							Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Keila					Idavere †	453
							Haljala						453.9
							Kukruse						456.4 *
							Uhaku					Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Uhaku	Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
							Lasnamagi						458.9 *
							Aseri						460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
												Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Volkhov	Dapingian						467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen	Dapingian						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian						470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Xinchangian						477.7
											Lianghekou †			477.9 *
							Varangu							481.3 *
							Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Pakerort	Late Cambrian							485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Middle Cambrian							497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4												500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					Early Cambrian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1												529
																538.8