PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Senonian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					Gallic					100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan							150
						Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1										192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian				Warepan							208.5
						Otamitan							217
						Oretian							221
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Oretian							227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian				Etalian							238
		Anisian				Etalian							242
		Anisian				Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian							249
		Induan		251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	Meishanian	Dorashamian		251.902
					Waiitian	Meishanian			253.2
						Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	Dzhulfian		254.14
					Puruhauan	Laoshanian			254.2
					Puruhauan	Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian		Flettian			264.28
						Barettian			266
							Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3				Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Luodianian			Kubergandian		273.01
						Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
							Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian							283.5
						Telfordian			285
				Longlinian					285.4 *
							Yakhtashian		286
							Yakhtashian		288.5
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Zisongian			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Zisongian					298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5								445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								Branchian	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2								Branchian	514
		Stage 3									Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
													538.8