PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian													Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian													Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Late Pliocene	Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian													Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian													Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian													Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian													Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4												Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3												Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2												Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1												Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian													Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan											150
						Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4														165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4														168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1														192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian				Warepan											208.5
						Otamitan											217
						Oretian											221
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Oretian											227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian				Etalian											238
		Anisian				Etalian											242
		Anisian				Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian											249
		Induan		251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Kathwai	Meishanian	251.902
								252.4 *
						Chhidru		252.9 *
					Waiitian			253.2
							Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan				254.2
						Kalabagh			255 *
						Wargal			256 *
							Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	Aparima		Flettian		259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian					264.28
									265.3 *
							Barettian		266
						Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Amb			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Luodianian					273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian		283.5
							Telfordian		285
				Longlinian			Telfordian		285.4 *
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Zisongian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Zisongian					298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4						Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2						Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian									Gamachian	445.2
											Richmondian	446 *
											Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian		450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Chatfieldian		453
											Turinian		453.7 *
										Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3											458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2											467.3
		Dapingian									Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian									Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Tulean				477.7
											Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Skullrockian						Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10													487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4											Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Early Cambrian										509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1													529
																	538.8