PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Silurian of England		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene		Lujanian				0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene		Lujanian				0.129
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene		Ensenadan				0.3 *
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene		Ensenadan				0.774
		Calabrian										Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian										Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene		Vorohuean		Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian								Late Pliocene		Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene		Chapadmalalan				3.6
												Montehermosan				3.7 *
												Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
												Chasicoan				7.9 *
												Mayoan				9.9 *
												Laventan				10.9 *
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Middle Miocene		Laventan				11.63
		Serravallian										Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian										Colloncuran				13.82
		Langhian										Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene		Friasian				15.98
												Santacrucian				16.2 *
												Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
		Aquitanian										Colhuehuapian				20.44
		Aquitanian										Deseadan				20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							Late Oligocene						23.03
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene						27.82
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene		Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Late Eocene		Tinguirirican				33.9
		Priabonian								Late Eocene		Divisaderan				35.9 *
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Lutetian										Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian								Early Eocene		Mustersan				47.8
		Ypresian								Early Eocene		Casamayoran				47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Late Paleocene		Riochican				56
												Itaboraian				56.9 *
												Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene						61.6
		Danian								Early Paleocene		Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras									168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense		181.3 *
				Carlottense		182.3 *
				Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Kunae		184.2
				Freboldi		185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Meishanian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian	Dorashamian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Laibinian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan	Midian			259.51
		Wordian					Kuhfengian	Midian			264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3					Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Luodianian	Kubergandian			273.01
		Kungurian						Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian									283.5
							Longlinian				285.4 *
								Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				Zisongian	Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Zisongian				298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4								307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3								323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2								330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli									Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian										425.6
		Gorstian									Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian									Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian								Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1									433.4
		Telychian										436.3 *
		Aeronian										438.5
		Aeronian								Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian								Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian										Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2									Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5												485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Series 3 †									497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
																538.8