PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian Subages	Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4						Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3						Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2						Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4				Late Albian						100.5
							Middle Albian						106.2 *
							Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Late Aptian						113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian						139.8
							Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
							Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian						168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian						174.7
							Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
							Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4										201.4
		Norian					Sevatian						208.5
							Alaunian						213.2 *
							Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Tuvalian						227
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4			Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			Jaani		433.4
		Telychian				Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian			Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tulean				477.7
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Skullrockian				485.4
		Stage 10										487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3									509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
													538.8