PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian Epochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene	Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4							Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3							Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2							Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian						Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
		Bajocian							Humphresianum					168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4											208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Meishanian										251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian								Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian								Longtanian †		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan										259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian										264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Kuhfengian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
					Xiaodushanian	300 *
						300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		Late Famennian						358.9
							Middle Famennian						365.3 *
							Early Famennian						368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4		Adorf		Late Frasnian						372.2
							Middle Frasnian						375.4 *
							Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian		Late Givetian			382.7
							Middle Givetian			383.7 *
							Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian			Eifelian		Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian			Eifelian		Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian		Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian		Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Siegen		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine		Late Lochkovian			410.8
							Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
														538.8