PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	Devonian of France	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of the Russian Platform		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6						Saintaugustinean			Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean									0.014
		Chibanian							Rancholabrean									0.129
									Irvingtonian									0.21
													Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian																0.774
									Blancan									1.4
													Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian											Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian											Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian											Waipipian					3
		Zanclean											Waipipian					3.6
													Opoitian					3.7
									Hemphillian				Opoitian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian											Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian																7.246
									Clarendonian									9.4
												Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5															11.63
									Barstovian									12.5
													Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian											Lillburnian					13.82
													Clifdenian					15.1
												Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian																15.98
									Hemingfordian									16.3
									Arikareean									18.5
													Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian											Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										Waitakian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
													Duntroonian					25.2
													Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian														Kekeamuan		27.82
									Whitneyan									29.5
									Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Chadronian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
												Arnold	Runangan					34.6
													Kaiatan					36.7
									Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian														Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
													Bortonian					39.1
									Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2															41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
													Heretaungan					45.7
									Bridgerian									46.2
		Ypresian															Bumbanian	47.8
													Mangaorapan					48.9
									Wasatchian				Mangaorapan					50.5
									Wasatchian				Waipawan					52
									Clarkforkian				Waipawan					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Clarkforkian				Teurian			Gashatan		56
		Thanetian							Tiffanian							Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian							Tiffanian									59.2
		Selandian							Torrejonian									60.9
		Danian							Torrejonian									61.6
		Danian							Puercan									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian	254.14
							Laoshanian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
							Laibinian		Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan		Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian					Kuhfengian		Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3					Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3					Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
									Filipovian	276.5 *
									Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
							Longlinian		Sarginian	285.4 *
									Irginian	285.9 *
									Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1				Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
									Uskalykian	294.8
									Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Couvinien							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2								393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien							408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Hirnantian					Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian	445.2						Wufeng †
		Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian						Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †					Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		Yiyangian							470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Xinchangian							477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Xinchangian						Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan								485.4
					Payntonian									486.8 *
					Payntonian									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian			Iverian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Iverian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			Idamean									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Mindyallan	Marjumian								Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian										499
		Drumian			Undillan										500.5
		Drumian			Floran										503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Templetonian	Topazan									504.5
					Templetonian	Delamaran									506.5
					Ordian										507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian									Waucoban †	509
															510.8 *
						Dyeran									511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Dyeran									514
						Montezuman									514.8 *
						Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1												529
																		538.8