PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of North America	European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Central Paratethys Stages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene		MN 17					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene		MN 16					2.58
		Piacenzian			Late Pliocene		MN 15					3.2
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene		MN 15					3.6
							MN 14					4.2
							MN 13					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene		MN 13					5.333
		Tortonian					MN 12		Pannonian			7.246
							MN 11					7.75
							MN 10					8.7
							MN 9					9.7
							MN 7 + 8					11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene		MN 7 + 8		Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian					MN 6		Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian					MN 5					13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene		MN 4					15.98
							MN 3					16.9
							MN 2					20
		Aquitanian					MN 2					20.44
		Aquitanian					MN 1					22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4		Early Oligocene					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3		Middle Eocene					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2		Early Eocene						Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene					Gashatan		56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6									145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5									149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3									174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4									201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4									208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1									247.2
		Induan		251.2
		Induan		Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Kathwai		251.902
						252.4 *
				Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru		254.14
				Kalabagh		255 *
				Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
				Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Amb		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian				Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Chesterian		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				497
		Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				Branchian	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Branchian	514
		Stage 3					Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
												538.8