PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5														11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3														33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3														37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2														41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1														56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan					150
												Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian										Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4														165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4														168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1														192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian										Warepan					208.5
												Otamitan					217
												Oretian					221
		Carnian	Triassic 3									Oretian					227
		Carnian	Triassic 3								Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2									Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian										Etalian					238
		Anisian										Etalian					242
		Anisian										Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1									Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian										Nelsonian					249
		Induan		251.2								Nelsonian
		Induan		Kathwai	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Kathwai			251.902
							252.4 *
				Chhidru			252.9 *
						Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
						Puruhauan		254.2
				Kalabagh				255 *
				Wargal				256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian			Wordian				264.28
									265.3 *
							Barettian		266
				Amb					266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Amb	Roadian				266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Leonardian				Cathedralian	273.01
							Mangapirian		Cathedralian	276
									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian								283.5
							Telfordian			285
					Wolfcampian		Telfordian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †				Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †							303.7
		Kasimovian										305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5									Late Famennian	358.9
												Middle Famennian	365.3 *
												Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4									Late Frasnian	372.2
												Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
												Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3									Late Givetian	382.7
												Middle Givetian	383.7 *
												Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian										Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian										Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2									Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2									Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1									Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian										Late Lochkovian	410.8
												Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
												Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1										433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5										443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5										445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2										470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5										Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10												Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian												Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4										St Davids		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4													500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Stage 5 †								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					Caerfai								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1													529
																	538.8