PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous of China	Silurian of North America			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of Britain		Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6															0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Calabrian																0.774
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5															11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4													Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3													Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2															41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2														Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1													Gashatan		56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8															66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7															72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4															100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2															125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1															132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6															145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5															149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4															165.3
		Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras									168.2
		Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta									174.7
									Planulata									179.3 *
									Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
									Kanense									181.3 *
									Carlottense									182.3 *
									Kunae									183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2						Kunae									184.2
									Freboldi									185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras								189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1															192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
		Hettangian							Franziceras/Euphyllites									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4															201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4															208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Induan		251.2
		Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	Zechstein	254.14
				Kalabagh		255 *
				Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
				Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Amb		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Shangsian	Late Mississippian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Shangsian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Jiusian	Middle Mississippian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Cayugan				419.2
	Pridoli							Niagaran				422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1									Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
													Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Medinan				Clinton		440.1 *
														440.7 *
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5											443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5											445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10							Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
																		538.8