PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6						Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian				3
		Zanclean								Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian				13.82
										Clifdenian				15.1
									Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							Waitakian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
										Duntroonian				25.2
										Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian										Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
									Arnold	Runangan				34.6
										Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Bortonian				41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
										Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan			Bumbanian	47.8
										Mangaorapan				48.9
										Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Teurian		Gashatan		56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7							Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6							Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
										Mangaotanean				90.5
										Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5							Arowhanan				93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
										Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							Motuan				100.5
										Urutawan				103.3
									Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							Korangan				113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	Zechstein	254.14
					Kalabagh		255 *
					Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian					264.28
							265.3 *
					Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian				Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
														538.8