PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of the Pamirs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain		European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean						0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian						0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian						0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian									MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
										Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
											MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean									MN 15	3.6
											MN 14	4.2
						Hemphillian					MN 14	4.7
											MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian									MN 12	7.246
											MN 11	7.75
										Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
						Clarendonian					MN 10	9.4
											MN 9	9.7
											MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Astaracian		11.63
						Barstovian						12.5
											MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian									MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian								Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
						Hemingfordian					MN 4	16.3
						Hemingfordian					MN 3	16.9
						Arikareean					MN 3	18.5
										Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian									MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian									MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									23.03
		Rupelian										27.82
						Whitneyan						29.5
						Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Chadronian						33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean						37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian						47.8
						Wasatchian						50.5
						Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Clarkforkian						56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian						56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian				Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Induan		251.2
		Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Kathwai	Dorashamian		251.902
							252.4 *
				Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	Dzhulfian		254.14
				Kalabagh			255 *
				Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
							265.3 *
				Amb			266.1 *
					Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10						Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			St Davids			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Caerfai			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1						529
												538.8