PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian Subages of Germany	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Ordovician of China			Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																			0
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																				0.0117
		Chibanian																				0.129
		Calabrian																				0.774
		Gelasian																				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian							Pannonian													7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Sarmatian													11.63
		Serravallian							Badenian													12.8 *
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																			33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																			37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																			41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																			56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																			83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																			100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																			113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan											150
											Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian									Warepan											208.5
											Otamitan											217
											Oretian											221
		Carnian	Triassic 3								Oretian											227
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian									Etalian											238
		Anisian									Etalian											242
		Anisian									Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian			Wordian	Leine		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian			Wordian	Leine		Barettian		266
		Roadian	Permian 3		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Leonardian					Cathedralian	273.01
								Mangapirian		Cathedralian	276
									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian		Autunian						283.5
								Telfordian		285
					Wolfcampian			Telfordian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3								Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3								Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2								Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1								Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2									Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli											Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian												425.6
		Gorstian											Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian											Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian										Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1											433.4
		Telychian												436.3 *
		Aeronian												438.5
		Aeronian										Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian										Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5											Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian												Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
														Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Kralodvorian		449.5
																	Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4																453
																			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
																		Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3											Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
																	Dobrotivian				458.5 *
																	Oretanian				459.7 *
																		Sarka †			461.7 *
															Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2											Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian												Dapingian			Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian												Yiyangian			Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1											Xinchangian			Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1											Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Tremadocian				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5																		485.4
		Jiangshanian																			489.5
		Paibian																			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4																		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4																		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3																		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3																		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2																		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2																		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1																		529
																						538.8