PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian Subages of Germany	European Faunal Zones	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Australia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian			MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			MN 16						2.58
		Piacenzian			MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean			MN 15						3.6
					MN 14						4.2
					MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			MN 13						5.333
		Tortonian			MN 12						7.246
					MN 11						7.75
					MN 10						8.7
					MN 9						9.7
					MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		MN 7 + 8						11.63
		Serravallian			MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian			MN 5						13.82
		Burdigalian			MN 4						15.98
					MN 3						16.9
					MN 2						20
		Aquitanian			MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian			MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3								37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian		Leine		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Hunneberg			477.7
						Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Pakerort			Datsonian	485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
									Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian	489.5
		Paibian							Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian							Boomerangian	499
		Drumian							Undillan	500.5
		Drumian							Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan							Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Ordian	509
		Stage 4							510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1						529
											538.8