PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6					Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian					3
		Zanclean							Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian					13.82
									Clifdenian					15.1
								Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Waitakian					23.03
									Duntroonian					25.2
									Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											33.9
								Arnold	Runangan					34.6
									Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Bortonian					41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
									Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan					47.8
									Mangaorapan					48.9
									Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Teurian					56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean					90.5
									Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Arowhanan					93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
									Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Late Albian			Motuan					100.5
						Late Albian			Urutawan					103.3
						Middle Albian			Urutawan					106.2 *
						Middle Albian		Taitai	Korangan					108.4
						Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Late Aptian								113
						Late Aptian								117.5
						Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian			227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian			237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
				Griesbachian			251.4 *
				Griesbachian			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Buntsandstein			Kathwai			251.902
										252.4 *
							Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian					Chhidru			254.14
							Kalabagh			255 *
							Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller						259.51
		Wordian		Leine						264.28
										265.3 *
							Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3				Amb			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3							270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2							273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1							293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1							Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
										Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian										Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian			305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Cantabrian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
									Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
										Westphalian C		309.8
										Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
										Westphalian A		317 *
									Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
						Marsdenian				320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian				321.5 *
						Alportian				322 *
						Chokierian				323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Chokierian				Late Mississippian	323.2
						Arnsbergian					324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian	Warnantian			Brigantian †	330.9
						Livian			Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian	Ivorian				346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian	Hastarian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
								Actonian †				453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †					455.2 *
								Longvillian †			Aurelucian		456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470						Fennian
				Whitlandian			471.1 *
				Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
				Tremadoc			Cressagian	480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					497
		Guzhangian						Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					Branchian		509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2					Branchian		514
		Stage 3						Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
														538.8